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Dec 10, 2010 A lot of people have the same questions about Kingdom Conquest, so rather than typing them out on my iPhone, I’ll just put some info up here. First and most importantly, always work towards a quest goal, as they will give you a very nice boost in resources.
Sweden's coat of arms (with erroneous ) on a wall of City Hall at in GermanyThe Swedish Empire (: Stormaktstiden, 'the Era of Great Power') was a that exercised territorial control over much of the during the 17th and early 18th centuries. The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of, who ascended the throne in 1611, and its end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the.After the death of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, the empire was controlled for lengthy periods by part of the high, such as the family, acting as regents for minor monarchs. The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the (i.e., upholding the traditional equality in status of the Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry). In territories acquired during the periods of noble rule, was not abolished, and there was also a trend to set up respective estates in. The of 1680 put an end to these efforts of the nobility and required them to return estates once gained from the crown to the king.
Serfdom, however, remained in force in the dominions acquired in the and in, where a consequent application of the uniformity policy was hindered by the treaties by which they were gained.After the victories in the, Sweden reached the climax of the great-power era during the, when its primary adversary, Denmark, was neutralized by the in 1658 (this is when the Swedish empire is at its largest extent). However, in the further course of this war, as well as in the subsequent, Sweden was able to maintain its empire only with the support of its closest ally,. Consolidated the empire. But a decline began with his son,. After initial Swedish victories, Charles secured the empire for some time in the (1700) and the, before the disaster that followed the king's war in Russia. The Russian victory at the put an end to Sweden's eastbound expansion, and by the time of Charles XII's death in 1718 only a much-weakened and far smaller territory remained.
The last traces of occupied continental territory vanished during the, and Finland went to Russia in 1809.In older Swedish history telling, Gustavus Adolphus and especially Charles XII were heroic warriors. Is the only country to have ever reached the status of a military. Main article:Sweden emerged as a great European under and King.
As a result of acquiring territories seized from Russia and the, as well as its involvement in the, Sweden found itself transformed into the leader of.During the Thirty Years' War, Sweden managed to conquer approximately half of the member states of the. The fortunes of war would shift back and forth several times. After its defeat in the, confidence in Sweden among the Swedish-controlled German states was damaged, and several of the provinces refused further Swedish military support, leaving Sweden with only a couple of northern German provinces. After France intervened on the same side as Sweden, fortunes shifted again. As the war continued, the civilian and military death toll grew, and when it was over, it had led to severe depopulation in the German states. Although exact population estimates do not exist, historians estimate that the population of the Holy Roman Empire fell by one-third as a result of the war.Sweden founded, principally in the New World.
Was founded in the valley of the in 1638, and Sweden later laid claim to a number of Caribbean islands. A was constructed along the coast of West Africa as well, but these were not designed for Swedish settlers.Peace of Westphalia. Main article:At the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War, the in 1648 granted Sweden territories as. Sweden demanded, (which had been in its possession since the, and a war indemnity of 20,000,000.Through the efforts of and it obtained:., the Swedish share of the former since the, consisting of., with the islands of, and, as well as the towns of, and;. a strip of on the right side of the, including the towns of and, with the right of succession to the rest of Farther Pomerania in the case of the extinction of the;.
the town of, with the districts of Pod and;. the secularized bishoprics of, with the town of; and. 5,000,000.These German possessions were to be held as of the Holy Roman Empire. This allowed Sweden a vote in the and enabled it to 'direct' the alternately with. France and Sweden, moreover, became and were entrusted with carrying out its provisions, as enacted by the executive congress of in 1650.After the peaces of and Westphalia, Sweden was the third-largest area of control in Europe by land area, only surpassed by Russia and Spain.
Sweden reached its largest territorial extent during this time under the rule of (1622–1660) after the in 1658. Dominions. Swedish possessions in 1658. The years in parentheses indicate when the possession was given up or lost.As a result of eighteen years of war, Sweden gained small and scattered possessions, but had secured control of three principal rivers in northern Germany—the, the and the —and gained toll-collection rights for those important commercial arteries. Two principal reasons for the small reparations were 's envy and Queen 's impatience. As a result of Sweden's intervention, Sweden helped secure religious liberty in for Protestants, becoming a leading power of Continental for 90 years. The elevation of Sweden to the rank of an imperial power required that it remain a military monarchy, armed for possible emergency.
Sweden's poverty and sparse population meant the country was ill-suited for imperial status. However, in the middle of the 17th century, with France as a firm ally, the incompatibility between its powers and its pretensions was not so obvious.
Domestic consolidation For the moment, held a tenuous position of leadership. Careful statesmanship might mean permanent dominion on the Baltic shore, but left little room for mistakes.
Unfortunately, the extravagance of Gustavus Adolphus's two immediate successors, and, caused great difficulties for the new empire.Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest before her abdication. The Swedish people feared that the external, artificial greatness of their country might be purchased with the loss of their civil and political liberties. The Swedish people looked to a new king to address the problem of too much power vested in the nobility.
The development of Sweden and its empire from 1560 to 1815Charles X Gustav was a strong arbiter between the people and the nobility. Fortresscraft evolved storage. Primarily a soldier, he directed his ambition towards military glory; but he was also an unusually sharp-sighted politician. While placing great emphasis on military strength, he also understood that domestic unity was necessary for a powerful foreign policy.The most pressing domestic question was the, or restitution of alienated crown lands. At the of 1655, the king proposed that noble holders of crown property should either: 1) pay an annual sum of 200,000 Riksdaler out of the lands they would receive, or 2) surrender a fourth of the property itself, worth approximately 800,000 Riksdaler.
The nobility wished to avoid taxation and stipulated that November 6, 1632, the day of Gustavus Adolphus's death, should be the limit to which retrospective taxes could be collected, and that there should be no further restitution of alienated crown property. Against this, the over-taxed lower estates protested, and the Diet had to be suspended. The king intervened, not to quell the commons, as the senate insisted, but to compel the nobility to give way. He proposed a special committee to investigate the matter before the meeting of the next Riksdag and that a proportional contribution should be levied on all classes in the meantime.
Both groups accepted this arrangement.Charles X Gustav had done his best to recover from the financial extravagance of Christina. However, his own desire for military glory may have caused problems for his country. In three days, he persuaded the Swedish estates of the potential of his attack on the. However, when he left Stockholm for on July 10, 1654, he gained more personal glory than advantage for his country. The expanded into a general European war. He achieved passage over the and emerged triumphant, only to die of sheer exhaustion. Immediately after his death, a regency was appointed to govern Sweden during the minority of his only son and successor, who was four years old.
The regency council moved quickly to end the war with Sweden's numerous enemies, which now included the, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the. Peace of Oliva. Triumph of over the, 1655The on May 3, 1660, put an end to the long feud with.mediation of this treaty also ended the quarrel between Sweden, the Holy Roman emperor and the elector of.
This treaty confirmed both Sweden's possession of and the elector of Brandenburg's sovereignty over; and the king of renounced to all claims to the Swedish crown. The treaty compelled to reopen direct negotiations with Sweden. Eventually, under the on May 27, 1660, Sweden kept the three formerly Danish and the formerly Norwegian province, which Denmark-Norway had surrendered by the two years previously; but Sweden had to relinquish the Norwegian province of and the Danish island of, which had been surrendered at Roskilde. Denmark–Norway was also compelled to recognize the independence of the dukes of.
The was terminated by the on July 2, 1661, through which the surrendered the Baltic provinces to Sweden —, and.Thus, Sweden emerged from the war not only a military power, but also one of the largest states of Europe, possessing more than twice as much territory as modern Sweden. The land area of Sweden was 1,100,000 km 2. While modern Sweden is bounded by the Baltic, during the 17th century the Baltic formed a bond between various widely dispersed. All the islands in the Baltic, except the Danish group, belonged to Sweden.
The estuaries of all the great lay within Swedish territory, which also included two-thirds of and one-half of., the capital, lay in the very centre of the empire, whose second greatest city was, on the other side of the sea. This empire contained about a quarter of the population of modern Sweden, at only 2,500,000 people, or about 2.3 people per square kilometer. However, Sweden's expansion had been possible partly due to turmoil and weakness in countries in its vicinity, and when they became more stable, they began to look for chances to regain what was lost. Danish defeat. Sweden had now won considerable political influence, which was lessened by the loss of moral prestige. On 's accession in 1655, Sweden's neighbours may have become allies; however, territorial loss combined with the loss of religious liberty lessened their ties to Sweden. At Charles X Gustav's death, five years later, Sweden had not only damaged its newly claimed territories but also had become hated by the surrounding states for its lack of defence of Protestantism.
Charles X Gustav's attempt to gain the favour of by dividing Poland not only reversed his original policy, but also created a new southern rival almost as dangerous as in the west.In 1660, after five years of warfare, Sweden had obtained peace and the opportunity to organize and develop the new vast realm. Unfortunately, the fifteen-year regency that followed Charles X Gustav was unable to manoeuvre through the situation it faced. The administration was internally divided and hindered by the lack of unity and talent among its statesmen. The two major rivals were the military-aristocratic party headed by and the party of peace and economy led.
The aristocratic group prevailed and brought with it a decline of morality which made it notorious to its neighbours. The administration was noted for sloth and carelessness leading to a general neglect of business. Additionally, government corruption led Sweden to be hired by foreign powers. This 'subsidy policy' dates from the of 1661, through which Sweden, in exchange for a considerable sum of money, supported the French candidate for the Polish throne.
Sweden was torn between and his adversaries in plans to control the. The anti-French faction prevailed; and in April 1668, Sweden acceded to the, which ended the French acquisitions through the. For the next four years, Sweden remained true to the Triple Alliance; but, in 1672, Louis XIV succeeded in isolating the and regaining Sweden as an ally. By the on April 14, 1672, Sweden entered an agreement with the French to protect its sphere of interest containing the Dutch Republic from hostile German claims in return for 400,000 Riksdaler per annum in peace and 600,000 in wartime.
Scanian War. See also:In 1674, Louis XIV called upon Sweden to invade the. In May 1675, a Swedish army advanced into the Mark but was defeated on June 18 at and retreated to Swedish. The Fehrbellin affair was a mere, with actual casualties numbering fewer than 600 men, but it made Sweden appear vulnerable and enabled neighbouring countries to attack in the.At this point, the empire began to crumble.
In 1675, and the were taken by the Brandenburgers, and Danes. In December 1677, the elector of Brandenburg captured. Fell on October 15, 1678., Sweden's last possession on the continent, was lost on November 5. A defensive alliance with was rendered inoperative on August 4, 1677, by the annihilation of Sweden's sea-power; the, June 17, 1676; the, June 1677, and most notable on July 1-July 2 the. The difficulties concerning the Polish king continued. The Scanian provinces (Scania, Halland and Blegind/Blekinge), once eastern Denmark, became the centre of intense fighting between Swedes and Danes, with a large scale confrontation between the main armies near Lund in December 1676.
After that, Scania was divided into Danish and Swedish enclaves centering around the main cities for the rest of the war. The remaining territories in Scania were mainly a no man's land where a fierce 'little war' took place, with Swedish troops on the one side and Danish official and semi-official troops (freeshooters etc.) in conjunction with armed locals. Through homeland military successes of the young Swedish king and the diplomatic activity of Louis XIV, a peace congress began sessions at Nijmegen in March 1677. In the beginning of April 1678, the French king dictated the terms of a peace. One of his chief conditions was the complete restitution of Sweden, as he needed a strong Swedish ally. However, Charles XI refused to go along with ceding territories to its enemies, which led the French king to negotiate on behalf of Sweden without its consent. By the on February 7 and of on June 29, 1679, Sweden received almost full restitution of its German territory.
By the confirmed by the subsequent on September 2, was to return all the land it had captured to Sweden on October 4, 1679. While Sweden could never have gained these concessions alone, Charles XI formed a personal dislike of the French king and developed a strong anti-French bias. Charles XI. See also:The remainder of the reign of is remarkable for a revolution, in which the government of Sweden was transformed to a semi-absolute monarchy.
The king emerged from the war convinced that if Sweden were to retain its position as a great power, it needed to reform its whole economic system radically and circumscribe the power of the aristocracy. Charles XI felt that he could do it now that he had allies in the lower orders to support him.The of Stockholm, October 1680, began a new era of Swedish history. On the motion of the, the question of the recovery of the alienated crown lands was brought before the Riksdag, and a resolution of the Diet directed that all, domains, and other estates producing an annual rent of more than a certain amount per annum should revert to the Crown. The same Riksdag decided that the king was not bound by any particular, but only by law and statutes, and not even obligated to consult the, but was to be regarded as a sovereign lord. The Privy Council changed its official title from (council of state) to (royal council); a visible sign that the councillors were no longer the king's colleagues, but rather his servants.
After Charles XI's death, the throne was inherited by his underage son,. After a brief regency, he was declared to be of age to rule. Three years later, in 1700, Denmark, Poland and Russia, the countries that had lost the most territory to Sweden, jointly declared war. Denmark was soon forced to peace after a joint intervention of Swedish, English and Dutch armies, whereafter the King and much of the Swedish army was shipped to the Baltic provinces, where Russian and Polish armies were laying siege to several towns. The Russian army was soundly defeated in the, after which Charles took the army into Poland with the intent of dethroning the Polish king.
This took several years, but in 1706, with the, he reached his goal.In the meantime, Russia had managed to take possession of several towns by the Baltic Sea. Instead of trying to retake these, Charles chose to march directly on Moscow, but due to extreme weather, difficulties with his and the Russian strategy, he was forced to turn towards. In 1709, the Swedish army was defeated and captured in the; Charles managed to escape south to in the. Following the defeat at Poltava, Poland and Denmark re-entered the war, along with other countries wanting parts of the Swedish provinces.
In the following years, most of them would fall, and Russia (present-day ).Despite these setbacks, Charles XII twice tried to invade Norway to force Denmark-Norway out of the war again. On November 30, 1718, King Charles XII was mortally wounded during the Fortress in Fredrikshald, today's. With his death, Swedish war efforts mostly came to a halt, although Russia continued to harass the civilian population of the Swedish coastal areas until the concluding was finally signed in 1721.
Sweden would remain a of varying success until the 19th century, but the Great Northern War put an end to Sweden's time as a great power.Military history.
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